: 10.62796/pijst
Nanomaterials in Catalysis: Applications and Challenges
Dr. K. O. Zesnah,
Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Accra Institute of Science and Technology,
Accra, Ghana
Dr. C. Y. Abena,
School of Nanoscience and Catalysis, Kumasi University of Applied Research, Kumasi, Ghana
Published Date: 03-12-2024 Issue: Vol. 1 No. 12 (2024): December 2024 Published Paper PDF: Download
Abstract- Nanomaterials have emerged as highly promising catalysts in chemical engineering due to their unique structural, electronic, and surface properties at the nanoscale. Defined within the 1–100 nm range, they exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio and tunable morphology, enabling enhanced reactivity and selectivity compared to bulk materials. This paper explores the role of nanomaterials in both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, emphasizing applications in energy conversion, environmental remediation, and green chemical synthesis. Metal nanoparticles and metal oxides have demonstrated superior catalytic activity for fuel cells, photocatalysis, and pollutant removal. Organometallic and ligand-modified nanomaterials extend the scope of homogeneous catalysis with improved efficiency. Despite these advantages, challenges remain concerning catalyst stability, deactivation, scalability, and economic viability. Characterization techniques such as microscopy and spectroscopy provide insights into nanoscale behavior, supporting rational catalyst design. Future perspectives highlight innovative nanostructures, sustainable synthesis methods, and eco-friendly catalytic processes aimed at overcoming current limitations. Keywords: Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Homogeneous Catalysis, Environmental Applications, Energy Conversion, Green Chemistry.
Published Date: 03-12-2024 Issue: Vol. 1 No. 12 (2024): December 2024 Published Paper PDF: Download
Abstract- Nanomaterials have emerged as highly promising catalysts in chemical engineering due to their unique structural, electronic, and surface properties at the nanoscale. Defined within the 1–100 nm range, they exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio and tunable morphology, enabling enhanced reactivity and selectivity compared to bulk materials. This paper explores the role of nanomaterials in both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, emphasizing applications in energy conversion, environmental remediation, and green chemical synthesis. Metal nanoparticles and metal oxides have demonstrated superior catalytic activity for fuel cells, photocatalysis, and pollutant removal. Organometallic and ligand-modified nanomaterials extend the scope of homogeneous catalysis with improved efficiency. Despite these advantages, challenges remain concerning catalyst stability, deactivation, scalability, and economic viability. Characterization techniques such as microscopy and spectroscopy provide insights into nanoscale behavior, supporting rational catalyst design. Future perspectives highlight innovative nanostructures, sustainable synthesis methods, and eco-friendly catalytic processes aimed at overcoming current limitations. Keywords: Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Homogeneous Catalysis, Environmental Applications, Energy Conversion, Green Chemistry.
